A lot of the changed values - particularly distrust of empire and patriotism - came about directly because of Marx and Engels. They were watered down in socialism, but the idea that a society could be about sharing instead of economic sharecropping can be blamed directly on them.

Considering that most Western economies are huge machines dedicated to making people make stuff and then buy stuff they don't need, don't really want and can't afford anyway, I don't think there's much evidence to support the idea that our values aren't materialistic.

Economies could be assessed on the amount of scientific innovation, art, and intellectual property they produce. Instead we get GDP and 'growth' - material values.