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ECONOMIC RESEARCH Author: Patrick Artus The European Commission considers that the very large external surplus of Germany is a reprehensible macroeconomic imbalance. We believe that this is an error of analysis : the bulk of the external surplus of Germany now appears vis-à -vis the outside world and not vis-à- vis the euro area; it is therefore not a levy on other countries in the euro zone; the external surplus of Germany vis-à -vis the world outside the euro zone comes from the ability of Germany to redirect its exports to the world outside the euro area. Domestic demand in Germany, which must be considered correcting for demography, is low but not significantly lower, and will be corrected with the introduction of a minimum wage and additional infrastructure spending
Patrick Artus is one of many so-called economic experts in France who have been calling loudly for deep reductions in public spending here in France all the while unemployment continues its long march upward.
That he is a regular feature in the PS Party economic organ "Alternatives économiques," is as depressing as it is unsurprising. The Hun is always either at your throat or at your feet. Winston Churchill
That he is a regular feature in the PS Party economic organ "Alternatives économiques"
When was the last time you saw him there?
Care to provide evidence that Alternatives Economiques is a PS Party organ?
What do you think is mistaken in the macroeconomics shown above in the diary?
Yes, Artus is a well-known pundit (as I noted). But who analyses the failings of the euro as he does above, in the :
Parti Socialiste?
Parti Communiste Français?
Parti de Gauche?
EELV?
The new party Nouvelle Donne?
A casual scanning of their archives gives me a couple hundred or so blog posts, interviews or tribunes with Mr Artus in the magazine over the past couple of years.
As for who on the left actually supports similar views on the matter, that would be M'PEP, major related economist would be Jacques Sapir.
Just because the Polytechnicien Artus isn't totally full of shit this time doesn't mean he normally is not, in the same way as a broken clock is correct two seconds a day, but incorrect the other 86.398 seconds. The Hun is always either at your throat or at your feet. Winston Churchill
One short article this year, in February. "couple hundred or so" must be hyperbole..?
There probably are people in the PS (on the left of?) who find Alter Eco congenial, and there probably are PS sympathizers who work there. That's a long way from your hyperbole. It's overall a useful mag that has gained readership (especially among students, offering different perspectives from the standard liberal garbage) after starting out in the '80s as a small workers' co-operative, (which it still is). Its general tone on Europe is very far from Hollande's ducking of the issues, and the main reason evoked in the current number for why everything wrong in France is not entirely Hollande's fault, is Europe-imposed austerity (yeah, I know, he should do something about that).
I'm not out to defend Artus on his record. The point here is that he is a well-known pundit, and what he's saying here is sufficently correct, generally unspoken, and surprising coming from a well-known pundit, to be emphasized. Hence the diary. Of course, little or no coverage in the French media.
As I'm a well-known pink-green traitor to the working class, I've been a subscriber to Alter Eco since the late '80s. I can assure you that Artus is very far from being a regular or typical presence among the writers there.
But even if you all are not full of shit, which I grant you, you are very very often unjustly full of yourselves. I offer both you and your England-based co-religionist as examples. And self-referential in terms of professional relationships, nearly incestuous. And extremely and conventionally closed-minded when it comes to anything outside the rentier framework to which you are accustomed.
Good thing for you you've got some patrimony in that framework. Most French don't. And that President of yours only accentuates the disconnect.
Congrats though in turning wind into a rent-seeking activity. After the Dutch and English (the world's first entrenched rentier classes) it is normal for a Parisian to make his mark in the same path, as your town is rentier par excellence. Y'all may think you're making inroads, but economically you are only hastening the decline.
Not that that bothers PS folks such as yourself. You're about power, however temporary, not about growth and prosperity for all. How else to explain your miserable government. The Hun is always either at your throat or at your feet. Winston Churchill
If you can't stop personal sniping in your comments, please refrain from commenting.
A new Eurozone minus Germany could be a powerful force for improvement for its members, IF the remaining members embrace policies of mutual benefit. But I don't think Germany will leave voluntarily. Too many Germans, especially those in power, think they are entitled to all of the benefits they are currently obtaining from the Euro. How can a 'Germexit' be provoked? IMO, that would be far superior to creating a Seuro-zone. "It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."
There is some inflexibility -although I would be prudent before stating that it is long-run inflexible. China may decide at some point that it will build some machines themselves. Or stop buying so many -then Germany would need the peripheral countries again. But if the exchange rate was to double -and it may well be the order of magnitude, considering what the imbalances are- I'm not so sure that even short-run inflexibility would be so clear.
Now, imagine that this problem is not too big anyway. There remains another one: since Germany is determined to have a massive surplus, it needs to invest its savings abroad. Will it be all that happy to be facing a yearly depreciation of around 6-8% for the foreseeable future? After all, level of exports is not the obvious main target of a properly run economy. It may be that with its own currency, Germany's exports remain strong (although unlikely that they will be so strong, just look at when and how the trade surplus did open). But they would not be better off -certainly, savers would not be. And they are the ones that matter, as we well know. Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need, but not every man's greed. Gandhi
Would suck to be a rentier in that economy, but fuck the rentiers.
- Jake Friends come and go. Enemies accumulate.
But it doesn't answer the question of what would cause Germany to want to leave the Euro. "It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."
Still, I strongly doubt that a doubling of the currency would be harmless for the export, so to maintain their sacrosanct trade surplus they would have to gut their consumptions outright.
And the whole point of having a trade surplus is to invest it. So that would make very little sense if the exchange rates eat it up.
The whole German model becomes moot without someone to pay for their mercantilist policies. Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need, but not every man's greed. Gandhi
I'll bet the Irish, Portuguese, Greeks, Italians and Spaniards never thought they were hiring an imperial master when they joined the Euro-zone, not to mention France. Maybe no one noticed because they did not have to learn German. "It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."
Germany did not have a trade surplus then.
But indeed, had the Schröder policies been spelt out clearly ahead of the integration, it's unlikely that it would have gathered much support in Europe. The point was felt to be strengthening the European model (of decent social protection, for a start), not killing it, which is the apparent target at the moment. Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need, but not every man's greed. Gandhi
That would certainly be a problem for existing investments in Euro-zone countries were Germany to leave the Euro-zone. But most of the depreciation would likely occur immediately, rendering EZ countries X-Germany attractive targets for new investment. And, while German investors may take an immediate hit on the value of its foreign assets, should not assets become more competitive and, thus, their net present value should increase to offset the immediate loss due to currency revaluation?
I agree that, medium to long term, there are probably hard limits as to how high a new Deutchmark could go relative to other countries without Germany becoming uncompetitive in its core products. Although a lot of those losses could well be to relocated subsidiaries of German parents. But would that not start bringing the downside of globalization home to Germany and result in a hollowing out of German Industry? "It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."
Arguing that DM appreciation would not affect the surplus, or indeed increase it, implies that the appreciation would continue absent a majorly active central bank policy to manipulate the exchange rate. Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need, but not every man's greed. Gandhi
Also, central bank reserves don't circulate, so I'm not convinced "printing money" to accumulate foreign reserves to depress your exchange rate will "lead to inflation". If anything, it is an attempt to arrest deflation (explicitly in the case of Switzerland). But, if by depressing your currency you sustain your country's current account surplus (and Switzerland's is over 10% of GDP) then you get deflation anyway because a current account surplus is a drain on your money base. A society committed to the notion that government is always bad will have bad government. And it doesn't have to be that way. — Paul Krugman
I think you've got this backwards: the strategy would lead to increased reserve in foreign currency, but with more of the domestic currency on the open markets. So, provided that those who exchange currency for DM are interested in spending them, it could lead to inflation/reduced deflation.
Especially if the quantities are huge. Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need, but not every man's greed. Gandhi
Just look at Switzerland's last two years... A society committed to the notion that government is always bad will have bad government. And it doesn't have to be that way. — Paul Krugman
But if those foreigners were massively buying your domestic assets you wouldn't have a current account surplus.
The basic fact is that only the central bank for a given currency can perform LOLR functions for holders of debt denominated in that currency. It is important that this be done not so much for the sake of the bank but for the sake of the various derivative dealers that might be in departments of that bank.
The basic assumption of the assets being financed is:
Risk-less Asset = Risky Asset + Risk Insurance. or Risk-less Asset = Risky Asset + CDS + IRS + FXS
But risk insurance must be priced. If the derivative dealers in CDSs, IRSs and FX swaps are not supported in a crisis then they will not make markets. If they do not make markets risk insurance can no longer be priced and the risky assets get liquidated in a very disorderly and damaging fashion.
So it is the job of the Central Banks to provide liquidity as required until the panic is controlled. They effectively become dealers of last resort and have to begin to issue CDSs, IRSs and FXSs themselves and carry these instruments on their balance sheets. It is to be hoped that, seeing that they HAVE to perform such functions that they jointly agree to regulations that will make such an eventuality less likely. But that is very much a work in progress, if that is not too generous a term. Have a helping of Hopium. "It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."
It's looking increasingly likely that inflation is a fiscal, not a monetary phenomenon, as Chris Cook has been pointing out for a long time.
Anyway, if all countries start doing that sort of thing, nothing stops the periphery (and France) countries to do the same... but with a lower exchange rate! Then we'll get central banks printing and printing, ad libitum, with no limit. Then, once the periphery central banks have accumulated enough to essentially purchase Germany, a nice bout of inflation could ensue. Of course, the game would stop long before that. Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need, but not every man's greed. Gandhi
Anyway, if all countries start doing that sort of thing, nothing stops the periphery (and France) countries to do the same... but with a lower exchange rate! Then we'll get central banks printing and printing, ad libitum, with no limit.
However, the ROEZ as a whole tends to moderate the position of the euro wrt other major currencies. The view often stated here is that, if Germany still had the DM, it would be considerably stronger than the euro. In fact, it would strengthen as a function of German export volumes. That would crimp Germany's style. So it is reasonable to think that Germany gets an advantage from the euro.
As such, a lot of the talk about Germany's ability to remain an export champion at higher exchange rates is largely either:
in other words germany's position is a bluff waiting to be called, and renzi says he's the man to do it.
the 5* movement have the same approach, tell the ECB to take a hike and see what happens...
yes it would be a mess if the euro crumbled, but a slow strangling through austerity is not necessarily am easier fate.
letta, sack-o-money, fassina are stooges to keep the status quo, spinning green-shoot fantasies to keep the balls (of steel) in the air. they will never challenge the ECB, their job consists of dispensing the soothing anesthetic to the public while the country's assets are flogged off to the highest bidder.
berlu's leaving is symbolic, but the problems run much much deeper than just him.
he is puffing out his chest and saying 'l'etat, c'est moi!', when not indulging in the most shameless victimology, such as his claim that his family is suffering (in their palaces!) much like the jews did in the lagers.
painfully hilarious...
they are interviewing b's supporters in the street, and it's curious how in some ways they resemble the tea party.
the same mix of dumb and schmaltzy. 'The history of public debt is full of irony. It rarely follows our ideas of order and justice.' Thomas Piketty
Relevant because it compares labor cost changes over quite long periods and shows the impact of the Harz IV reforms in Germany. Wind power
Labor unit manufacturing costs Wind power
Today... I'm not so sure.
Increased exports to Germany supposes the existence of export industries in the periphery, which in turn supposes the existence of industry in the periphery. And Germany has been busy spending the last four to five years making damn sure that there's nothing resembling a functioning industrial state anywhere in the Mediterranean drainage basin.
It may well require substantial German reparations to get to the point where German import demand can drive an industrialization of the periphery's industry.
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