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Does Weatherford go into the relationship between the Mongols and the Turks? My understanding is that a primary reason for interest in finding a sea route to the Orient was that the fall of Constantinople to the Turks had disrupted an existing trade over the silk road to the Black Sea, and that access had been tightening for decades as the Turks took over more and more of Anatolia and the Black Sea shore.

"It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."
by ARGeezer (ARGeezer a in a circle eurotrib daught com) on Fri May 10th, 2013 at 07:13:13 PM EST
By the time of the fall of Constantinople, all Mongol empires except the Golden Horde were gone, and the Golden Horde was disintegrating. A breakaway part (which was to become the last surviving part), the Crimean Khanate submitted to the Ottoman Empire two decades after Constantinople.

*Lunatic*, n.
One whose delusions are out of fashion.
by DoDo on Sat May 11th, 2013 at 03:32:34 PM EST
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Genoa had acquired trading and settlement rights in the Crimea in the Treaty of Nymphaeum in 1261 with Michael VIII Paleologos in return for the assistance in the defeat of the Latin state which emerged after the Sack of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade and in the re-establishment of the Byzantine Empire in Constantinople. Genoa had establishments all around the Black Sea in the 14th century and held Trebizond with its alum mines. They made agreements with the Cumanian Khanate that predated the Mongol Invasion. This made sense as they could carry trade to Italy from the eastern end of the silk road. Venice and Pizza also were deeply and competitively involved in this area, but Venice had more strength in the Mediterranean, as it held Cyprus. The Black Death followed the Mongols and seriously reduced the population of Constantinople. Both Genoa and Venice assisted in the defense of Constantinople against the forces of  Sultan Mehmed II, doomed though it turned out to be.  

"It is not necessary to have hope in order to persevere."
by ARGeezer (ARGeezer a in a circle eurotrib daught com) on Sat May 11th, 2013 at 07:48:51 PM EST
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