How a Young Joe Biden Turned Liberals Against Integration | Politico - 2015 |

Forty years ago, the Senate supported school busing--until a 32-year-old changed his mind.

... as a court-ordered integration plan loomed over Wilmington, Delaware, in 1974, Biden's constituents transformed their resistance to busing into an organized--and angry--opposition. So Biden transformed, too. That year, Joe Biden morphed into a leading anti-busing crusader--all the while continuing to insist that he supported the goal of school desegregation, he only opposed busing as the means to achieve that end.

This stance, which many of Biden's liberal and moderate colleagues also held, was clever but disingenuous. It enabled Biden to choose votes over principles, while acting as if he was not doing so.

• Another Long Civil Rights Movement: How Catholic Interracialists Used the Resources of their Faith to Tear Down Racial Hierarchies
• Progressives and conservatives are in a rare unity welcoming Pope Francis to the US, but anti-Catholicism was rampant before John F Kennedy was president | The Guardian - 12 Sept 2015 |

My maternal grandmother lived in The Hague (Fr. La Haye), was devout Catholic in a dominating, discriminating Calvinist society, took teacher nuns to task for showing preference for children of well to do parents in contrast to those considered poor and lower class. Around the year 1910.  A strong character ... she would have taken a Joe Biden to task for lacking backbone ... fifty years to preserve his seat in Congress and longer.

'Sapere aude'