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Marx revisited: The enslavement of the individual by Materialism

by Chris Mon Apr 3rd, 2006 at 03:55:45 PM EST

The phantoms formed in the human brain are also, necessarily sublimates of their material life process, which is empirically verifiable and bound to material premises.
Karl Marx "The German Ideology"


Marx Revisited: The enslavement of the individual by Materialism

Materialism has guided human progress in each stage of our development, and yet at the same time limits us as individuals due to its basic and vacuous premises. The term, as understood and analyzed by Marx, has to be comprehended as "the totality of relations of production that constitutes the economic structure of society, the real foundation, on which arises a legal and political superstructure and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness."1
Although many opponents of Marx would argue that his works have not endured the test of time and history, his ideas reversed the liberal notion that man is master of himself and unfolded the vision that the individual has actually become a slave of his/her materialistic behavior. Since the establishment of the concept private property the people have subconsciously fallen victims of their own artificial creation in the constant strive for gaining more and more possession. Nowadays in a global society marked by profit-race and consumerism, the imposition of Materialism eradicates gradually the modicum of moral values and norms that are our most precious legacy from our ancestors. The people are judged by what they possess, not by their inner virtues and qualities.

These very same virtues in the past have been the cornerstone for a meaningful life; competition within the society for a better status or for a woman was a challenge and honor at the same time. On reverse, today terms like competition and material status are simply "carnivorous" qualities that debase the individual's primordial strive to overcome his "bestial" nature. Marx is even harsher in his arguments when criticizing the impact of Materialism on human development:
"The competition turned into a bitter struggle, which is now being extolled and interpreted to us as a revolution of world significance, the begetter of the most prodigious results and achievements."2

Moreover, Materialism is influencing every sphere of human interrelation and creates a vacuum as men through their deeds have indirectly chosen this very Materialism to shape their lives. Even people who do not regard themselves as materialists and pretend (as most of us do) to have higher values and perceptions are swept by the power of the majority, by the "affliction of the spirit with the curse of being burdened with matter."3 The defenders of the assertion that market economy fosters human progress forget that each action could have a counteraction. Humanity may be well-to-do in satisfying needs and demands, but it is definitely robbed of what distinguishes people from all other species- thought and spirit. Why and how our thought and spirit have been robbed? Marx has found an answer 150 years ago that is still valid today:
"The production of ideas, of conceptions, of consciousness is at first directly interwoven with the material activity and the material intercourse of men. Conceiving and thinking appear as the direct efflux of men material behavior. The same applies to mental production as expressed in the language of politics, laws, religion..."4

On the other hand, obviously, Materialism is necessary (in the pure form of means of subsistence) but should not be leading and guiding in men existence. Consciousness, ideas, and conceptions have to overcome this burden, as they are the clearest and most distinct attributes of human beings. This very process of overcoming will elevate us toward the goal of fulfilling our true destiny to be humans and spiritual species. Otherwise, we will remain slaves of our greed for material well-being. "As a Japanese Zen master once said to his disciples as he was dying- I have learned only one thing in life: how much is enough."5

References:
1.The German Ideology
2.The German Ideology
3.The German Ideology
4.The German Ideology
5.The Market as God

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I think this a good article...don't know why no one else commented...

"Once in awhile we get shown the light, in the strangest of places, if we look at it right" - Hunter/Garcia
by whataboutbob on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 06:48:33 AM EST
I thought it was interesting.  I was waiting for other comments, so that I'd have something to respond to.  I disagree fully with it, as I usually do when reading something from, about, or related to Marx.

Be nice to America. Or we'll bring democracy to your country.
by Drew J Jones (pedobear@pennstatefootball.com) on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 08:47:31 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Thank you anyway, may be multitude think Marx is outdated,I do not know ;)

I'm not ugly,but my beauty is a total creation.Hegel
by Chris on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 10:22:53 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Well, many of us would disagree with details rather the overall thrust of it. What was your problem?
by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 02:26:58 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Well, many of us would disagree with details rather the overall thrust of it.

Sure.  Where I essentially disagree is with assumptions that suggest people cannot desire and seek material possessions while also maintaining values and culture.  I don't think most people judge others by their possessions.  There is a word for people who do, and it's used quite often: "shallow".  I don't make friends based upon their wealth.  I do so based upon whether I enjoy being around them.  ("This person is intelligent, funny, trustworthy, etc.")  Some people do, of course, judge others on possessions, but I submit that they are a fairly small minority.  There were a few people like that when I was in high school -- usually girls who used the word "like" fifty times in a sentence -- but they were always judged by everyone else to be braindead Materialists.

I also disagree with glorifying the values and norms of our ancestors above our own.  I can guarantee than many, and probably most, Americans' ancestors were racists, that they were homophobic, that religion played much too large a role in their ideas, and so on.  They used the word "empire" as though it were something to be proud of.  Today, we hear the word "empire" and understand it -- rightly, in my view -- to be a bad thing.  The overwhelming majority of people cringe at the American legacy of slavery, even though we weren't the ones who were guilty of it.  In our ancestors' day, it wasn't simply argued that blacks were inferior.  It was assumed.  Today, most people would shout down anyone who even attempted the argument.

Values evolve, thankfully, and we can watch them evolve even today, as in the case of the same-sex marriage debate here in the states.  (Initially, people were very much opposed to it, but the polls I've seen seem to suggest that the public is getting used to the idea.)  And, in some ways, I think capitalism inherently has a role to play in this by pushing the envelope -- in style, music, and plenty of other areas related to culture.  (Whether you and I, as individuals, like these new trends is another issue.  I, for one, hate most modern music.)  There was a show here in the states called "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy" -- not sure if it ever aired in Europe (knowing networks today, it might have originated there, for all I know) -- that became, for a brief period, the biggest hit in the country.  Thirty years ago, the network would've lost advertising dollars for running such a show.

It pushed the envelope, and in a great way, in my opinion, because I think traditional values were disgusting on the issue of gay rights.  And the really great thing about it is that it changes minds without public policy -- integration instead of only desegregation, as Dr. King put it (speaking on civil rights rather than gay rights, though).  I, obviously, think public policy should be involved in this issue, just as public officials were involved back during the civil rights era, but these sorts of things make the task easier for progressives in government (fewer people to convince that the old values were ridiculous).

I disagree fully with the idea that our thoughts and spirit have been robbed, as well.  It suggests, to me at least, that we are all mindless: that our thoughts are always clouded with a "Buy, Buy, Buy!" banner, or something to that effect.  I don't think that is the case.  We don't make friends because of their possessions.  In the West, at least, we don't choose husbands and wives based upon the opportunity social mobility.  We make these personal decisions based upon our preferences.  I think Marx made a mistake by talking about markets as though they only dealt with consumers, producers, investors, workers, governments, and other actors in the economy.  The concept goes well beyond economics and political soundbites.  We're also acting in a market framework when we make decisions about our friends, family, political views, religion, and so on.

Hope that made some sense.  I'm about to pass out from the heat here.  It's only April, and already the damned temperatures are getting into the 80s.

Be nice to America. Or we'll bring democracy to your country.

by Drew J Jones (pedobear@pennstatefootball.com) on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 05:46:18 PM EST
[ Parent ]
A lot of the changed values - particularly distrust of empire and patriotism - came about directly because of Marx and Engels. They were watered down in socialism, but the idea that a society could be about sharing instead of economic sharecropping can be blamed directly on them.

Considering that most Western economies are huge machines dedicated to making people make stuff and then buy stuff they don't need, don't really want and can't afford anyway, I don't think there's much evidence to support the idea that our values aren't materialistic.

Economies could be assessed on the amount of scientific innovation, art, and intellectual property they produce. Instead we get GDP and 'growth' - material values.

by ThatBritGuy (thatbritguy (at) googlemail.com) on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 06:02:46 PM EST
[ Parent ]
What you're not realizing is that Marx and Engel's contribution to that distrust was cemented in a market framework -- the market for ideas.  The idea of imperialism being a bad thing was the result of anti-imperialists arguing to, and convincing, others that their ideas were better.  We call that advertising, today, when the subject is a good or service of some sort.

Be nice to America. Or we'll bring democracy to your country.
by Drew J Jones (pedobear@pennstatefootball.com) on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 06:32:54 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Interesting metaphors, those: argumentation as advertising and the "market of ideas". Not everyone shares them. I find them annoying.

A society committed to the notion that government is always bad will have bad government. And it doesn't have to be that way. — Paul Krugman
by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 06:36:03 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I find them - well - fundamentalist.

There is no 'marketplace' for ideas because ideas don't cost anything. No one buys and sells ideas - except in the limited commercial setting in which IP is sometimes bought and sold.

You can agree or disagree with an idea at no direct personal cost. You can persuade or dissuade others at no direct personal cost.

So how is this a market?

And as Poemless pointed out, there is a huge difference between commercial advertising, which has more in common with the pro-party posters and slogans you'd find in the old Soviet states (only the people are better dressed and the colours are brighter), and public debate and discussion, which is based on persuading opponents by engaging with their ideas directly.

As opposed to yelling in their ear with a constant barrage of jingles and catchy video sequences.

by ThatBritGuy (thatbritguy (at) googlemail.com) on Wed Apr 5th, 2006 at 07:50:40 AM EST
[ Parent ]
If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange these apples then you and I will still each have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas. — George Bernard Shaw


A society committed to the notion that government is always bad will have bad government. And it doesn't have to be that way. — Paul Krugman
by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed Apr 5th, 2006 at 07:56:37 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Absolutely, I consider the ideas to be the locomotive of human progress and development. And they definetely cost-can you estimate i.e. how much the idea of beverage like coca-cola brought back with respect to profit.

I'm not ugly,but my beauty is a total creation.Hegel
by Chris on Wed Apr 5th, 2006 at 08:04:49 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Even in the case of IP it's generally not the idea but the legal right to use the idea that is sold.
by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Wed Apr 5th, 2006 at 07:57:42 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Not only that, the legal right to communicate the idea is also restricted, which is contrary to the nature of ideas.

A society committed to the notion that government is always bad will have bad government. And it doesn't have to be that way. — Paul Krugman
by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed Apr 5th, 2006 at 08:00:45 AM EST
[ Parent ]
this is what I mean by a totalising ideology.

a totalising ideology is one that captures all metaphorical space in discourse as well as control of physical structures and processes in facespace.

this is colloquially expressed as "if all you have is a hammer then everything looks like a nail."

I could get into conceptual connections between totalising ideology and monocropping, etc.  -- but perhaps the most succinct subversion is from our old friend physics:  if you try to understand light as particles it doesn't really work, and if you try to understand it as waves it doesn't really work.  both metaphors need to be in play at once, mutually contradictory and mutually necessary.  which is a feature of complex systems...

but we'll be off to Happy Planet of the Verbositoids if I don't slam on the brakes here...

The difference between theory and practise in practise ...

by DeAnander (de_at_daclarke_dot_org) on Wed Apr 5th, 2006 at 06:09:32 PM EST
[ Parent ]
üüps!

I was replying to Migeru, who opined:  Interesting metaphors, those: argumentation as advertising and the "market of ideas". Not everyone shares them. I find them annoying.


The difference between theory and practise in practise ...

by DeAnander (de_at_daclarke_dot_org) on Wed Apr 5th, 2006 at 06:11:39 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I'm so disappointed, I wanted to see the Happy Planet of Verbositoids.

A society committed to the notion that government is always bad will have bad government. And it doesn't have to be that way. — Paul Krugman
by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed Apr 5th, 2006 at 06:27:35 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Regarding marketism as a totalising ideology, some people in the European left used to quip "we want a market economy, but not a market society".

A society committed to the notion that government is always bad will have bad government. And it doesn't have to be that way. — Paul Krugman
by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Wed Apr 5th, 2006 at 06:30:12 PM EST
[ Parent ]
and now we're back to the separation of Commerce and State...

The difference between theory and practise in practise ...
by DeAnander (de_at_daclarke_dot_org) on Wed Apr 5th, 2006 at 08:01:35 PM EST
[ Parent ]
The idea of imperialism being a bad thing was the result of anti-imperialists arguing to, and convincing, others that their ideas were better.

That's a rather relativist approach.  All movements or social changes require persuding people to get on board, so I don't think we can judge the merits of one system or another on that alone.  

As for "advertising", I might be parsing words, but telling people who don't have the right to vote that you think they should have it, who don't have the right to organize, ditto, who are starving due to class inqualities that you think that removing those inequalities will provide them with more sustenance is hardly comparable to pressuring people to buy things they do not need whatsoever to survive so that you can get rich.

Abolishionists had to convince people to follow them.  So did the NeoCons.  But one group wanted to make all people's lives better, and one wanted to make their own lives better.  

Calling it a "marketplace of ideas" rewards those who best sell their ideas, not those with the best ideas.

Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. -Voltaire

by p------- on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 06:46:25 PM EST
[ Parent ]
The "marketplace of ideas" is a pervasive meme in the US. I was familiar with it in the context of one Supreme Court ruling regarding academic freedom, but I just found this:
The philosophical core that Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes inserted into the freedom of speech debate over 78 years ago continues to beat like a young heart in the body of First Amendment law. His words were at the center of the U.S. Supreme Court's reasoning when on June 26 in Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, it struck down the Communications Decency Act as a violation of the Constitution.

In 1919, Justice Holmes filed a dissent in Abrams v. United States in which he created the powerful and enduring "marketplace of ideas" metaphor to encapsulate the concept of freedom of speech. In the marketplace metaphor, ideas compete against one another for acceptance -- with the underlying faith that truth will prevail in such an open encounter.

Borrowing from John Milton's "Areopagitica" (1644) and John Stuart Mill's "On Liberty" (1859), Holmes wrote in his Abrams dissent: "But when men have realized that time has upset many fighting faiths, they may come to believe even more than they believe the very foundations of their own conduct that the ultimate good desired is better reached by free trade in ideas -- that the best test of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the market ... . That at any rate is the theory of our Constitution. It is an experiment, as all life is an experiment."

Justice Holmes' pivotal concept gradually became the controlling metaphor in First Amendment jurisprudence. His voice was present in the high court's decision striking down the CDA.



A society committed to the notion that government is always bad will have bad government. And it doesn't have to be that way. — Paul Krugman
by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 06:51:59 PM EST
[ Parent ]
And, for the record, I'm not saying that Marx is completely wrong.  All important figures who wrote on social sciences were at least partly wrong.  All models are wrong, because they're generalizations.  The question is, "Did this person pick up on some characteristic of people that other had missed?  Did he or she articulate it better than others had before?"  If the answer is "Yes" to either of those questions, then I think it's worthy of being mentioned as an important contribution.  I can hate Karl Marx, and I can disagree with 99% of what he wrote, but I can still hold those opinions while recognizing that much of what he had to say was important, though I think it's generally accepted today that his ideas have proved more important to sociology than economics, in the long run.

Be nice to America. Or we'll bring democracy to your country.
by Drew J Jones (pedobear@pennstatefootball.com) on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 06:39:02 PM EST
[ Parent ]
My typing is horrible today.  I have a new keyboard, and I'm still getting used to it, so all apologies for the screw-ups.

Be nice to America. Or we'll bring democracy to your country.
by Drew J Jones (pedobear@pennstatefootball.com) on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 06:40:22 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Generally accepted by whom? Anything I've read on economic history makes it clear that he is generally considered one of the greats of the field, if only as a critic of pure capitalism.
by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Wed Apr 5th, 2006 at 08:10:15 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Mind you, I start seeing red at the "distinguishes us from other species" bit.
by Colman (colman at eurotrib.com) on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 02:27:32 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Most people see red when reading Marx. ;)

Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. -Voltaire
by p------- on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 02:29:24 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I basically agree with this, so I didn't really have much to add.  

Thought: like Communism, Socialism, Modern Art, etc., simply bring up the topic of Marx results in visceral responses for and against and usually garantees that your audience isn't going to take you seriously.  Unfortunate.  Result is that those who want to avoid the whole debate and maintain the status quo just dismiss these ideas by dismissing Marx.  And those who use Marx to argue these ideas too often aren't willing to acknowledge the reality on the gound.  For whatever reason, bringing up Marx invites simplistic ideas.

Maybe we ought to try making our points without mentioning the man.  Even if he was right about a lot of things.  (BTW, People who say he's outdated PISS ME OFF. How many millions of people are still living according to the teachings of the Bible? Ack!)

Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. -Voltaire

by p------- on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 02:24:44 PM EST
May be some people are too critical to Marx ideas, because communism failed. I personally recognize him as a genious who has outgrown his time and may be even ours. "Das Kapital" is so fine analysis of the capitalistic process that many scholars put Marx in top 5 of all economists ever.

I'm not ugly,but my beauty is a total creation.Hegel
by Chris on Tue Apr 4th, 2006 at 04:59:24 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Marx was wrong about the solution, because he was an idealist and utopian and not a social realist. He also didn't understand how easy it is for leaders to subvert a Grand Narrative for personal ends.

But he was luminously right in his description of the problem. From a distance of a century and a half, that's not a bad achievement.

by ThatBritGuy (thatbritguy (at) googlemail.com) on Wed Apr 5th, 2006 at 07:55:53 AM EST
[ Parent ]

Marx's thought was strongly influenced by:
# The dialectical method and historical orientation of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel;
# The classical political economy of Adam Smith and David Ricardo;
# French socialist and sociological thought, in particular the thought of Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Marx


I'm not ugly,but my beauty is a total creation.Hegel
by Chris on Wed Apr 5th, 2006 at 08:22:36 AM EST


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