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Crisis - Drawing the Wrong Lesson

by rdf Mon Oct 27th, 2008 at 09:49:52 AM EST

I wrote awhile back about how this crisis was going to make big firms even bigger and reduce competition even more. This is the first time that I can remember where the government actively promoted business consolidation.

Others have started to notice as well, but not enough to change the course of action being undertaken in the "bailout". Just to show that others have understood what is happening (even if the pols don't or pretend they don't) here's a snippet from an overheard internal phone conference at Chase by a NY Times reporter.


"Twenty-five billion dollars is obviously going to help the folks who are struggling more than Chase," he began. "What we do think it will help us do is perhaps be a little bit more active on the acquisition side or opportunistic side for some banks who are still struggling. And I would not assume that we are done on the acquisition side just because of the Washington Mutual and Bear Stearns mergers. I think there are going to be some great opportunities for us to grow in this environment, and I think we have an opportunity to use that $25 billion in that way and obviously depending on whether recession turns into depression or what happens in the future, you know, we have that as a backstop."


So When Will Banks Give Loans?

Krugman picked up on the same news story in his column today:
The Widening Gyre

Less obvious is the same trend in retail. A number of chains have already gone out of business and more are about to follow. No one is reporting on the conditions at local, "mom and pop" stores, but I expect to see lots of failures as well. The beneficiary from all this will be dominant players like Walmart. Even without expanding they will get the benefit as shoppers will have fewer options.

The wrong lesson is being learned from the current situation. The conventional wisdom is that things will be fixed by an appropriate amount of regulation, but the real lesson is that government is now a permanent partner of big business and will do all it can to promote it. No one is discussing this change in the economic scene.

Experience has shown that government by corporations doesn't work out well in the long run and turns into some variety of kleptocracy. I hate to use the word "fascism" since it is associated with a police state and the brown shirts, but Mussolini's vision of an integrated business and government system, combined with the active suppression of labor is what we are tending to.

This is not only true in the US, but increasingly in other developed nations as well. JK Galbraith's "balance of forces" model (labor, business, government) has been replaced by his son's "Predator Nation".

So, a few changes to regulatory functions will be used as a distraction while the real forces of monopolization get even stronger. This never ends well.

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I think it is too early to conclude which lessons for the long run will be drawn. In the short term stability trumps all other causes, so partial integration of state and gov't may make sense. Later there is time to disentangle and break up conglomerates that have become too big, such as Bank of America or Deutsche Bank.

Der Amerikaner ist die Orchidee unter den Menschen
Volker Pispers
by Martin (weiser.mensch(at)googlemail.com) on Mon Oct 27th, 2008 at 10:08:24 AM EST
If a government can be a solution, it could be made a problem as well. Or vice versa.

So Reagan initiated a government solution for big business, and a government problem  to most of the others. People should be more careful of what they need - just a tax cut, or anything else?

At the end, I do not see much difference between big fusions of government and corporations: either corporatism, or fascism, or (even) communism run economy effectively up to a degree, but there are "small" matters of democracy, tolerance, and (not) knowing where to stop.

by das monde on Mon Oct 27th, 2008 at 10:11:23 PM EST
If the government wants lending to happen, the government should lend.

Fixing the financial system is all well and good, but just like when someone is in intensive care you don't expect them to continue to do their job, the bailout (maybe not surprisingly) shouldn't be expected to fix the credit system overnight. Even Stiglitz says "finance is the brain of the economy". Well, it looks like the economy just had a massive stroke.

A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith

by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 04:22:28 AM EST
[ Parent ]
Right, a government role in lending would be a less outrageous intervention by many standards. What has to be said against? Would government lending be too unfair to do-nothing commercial banks? Could someone talk that banks are entitled to bailouts?

I just don't know how well would government lending fit the frame of independent banking system. The ideology is that a government does not issue the money, it borrows from a central bank, or something. Why do we need to keep the government dependent on bankers like this?

by das monde on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 05:44:58 AM EST
[ Parent ]
The ideology is that a government does not issue the money, it borrows from a central bank, or something.

Money issues by the Central Bank is useless without the government's guarantee... The Central Bank is part of the 'Government", broadly understood.

A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith

by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 05:50:36 AM EST
[ Parent ]
From other broad perspective... a government is the guarantee part of a central bank ;-]

How much a central bank controls government's spending?

What's the difference, for example, between Bernanke's (Federal Reserve Bank) and Paulson's (The Treasury) roles, obligations, privileges and meaning of their actions?

by das monde on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 06:13:09 AM EST
[ Parent ]
"The regional Federal Reserve banks are not government agencies. ...but are independent, privately owned and locally controlled corporations."

-- Lewis vs. United States, 680 F. 2d 1239 9th Circuit 1982

Stated purposes (social obligation, economic objective, priviliege) and funtions of a US central bank have deviated only slightly over the centuries yet have produced a controversial body of literature, case law, and legislation.

Debate of the premises began with the opposition of arguments made by "parties" of Washington-Hamilton and Jefferson-Madison. Read Federalist Papers, No. 30-36 or listen to the same expressing Mr Hamilton's opinions. As far as I know, there is no comparable, seminal collection of the opinions of Jefferson-Madison.

However, the constitutional authority of Congress to establish any agent to fullfill statutory objective(s) is not contested. The Constitution does not establish either a treasury or central bank office or body or department of the federal government. Both are agents of the US Congress; their mandates and administrative purviews therefore are subject to modification or repeal by acts of Congress.

The executive privilege to appoint officers of agencies is implied, rather than prescribed, by Article II, §2, clauses 1,2 of the Constitution.

The purpose of the US Treasury is uncontested. The current definition of the US Treasury, 31 U.S.C. §301,* is consistent with the Continental statute (1775) and subsequent legislation establishing its departments and functions. That is fiduciary, collection and disbursement of general revenue as well as debt service. Accordingly, Congress exercises controlling interest in determining lawful commercial activities  and banking systems (money and finance) through US Treasury agent regulations. These regulations are distributed among 12 USC and the Uniform Commerical Code (UCC) --arguably the legacy of the NIRA.  

----
*Title 31, Subtitle I, Chapter 3

Diversity is the key to economic and political evolution.

by Cat on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 10:03:01 AM EST
[ Parent ]
... by the Banks, operating within the limit set down by the Board of Governors, which is government appointed, and the Federal Open Market Committee is majority government, minority Federal Reserve Bank selected ...

... and under normal conditions, Board of Governor appointments are made to placate Wall Street in order to avoid controversy, so in practice the Fed is run as a compromise between Wall Street and commercial banks, with some modest trimming of sales when necessary to avoid the government starting to exercise its nominal control.

Now, the Fed can ... and has in the past, eg, the final year of the Carter administration ... rebel against fiscal policy, but they do not do that by bouncing Treasury cheques, they do that by cranking up the cash rate so high that it drives the economy into recession.

So over and above the functional limits on deficit spending is the artificial limit established by allowing the Fed to act like a free agent in setting monetary policy. That allows Congressman to rail against the Fed if it is politically popular to do so, without actually running the risks involved if they were to actually do their job rather than pretend that Fed policy is an "act of god".


I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.

by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 05:45:23 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Would government lending be too unfair to do-nothing commercial banks? Could someone talk that banks are entitled to bailouts?

If banks were not needed for lending to keep the economy going they could all just be let go bankrupt. Now, they are being kept afloat and they're still not lending. The conclusion is evident.

A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith

by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 06:44:28 AM EST
[ Parent ]
What's the conclusion?

They tried to assimilate me. They failed.
by THE Twank (yatta blah blah @ blah.com) on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 06:46:38 AM EST
[ Parent ]
"If the government wants lending to happen, the government should lend."

From my comment above.

A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith

by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 06:50:15 AM EST
[ Parent ]
... letting the commercial banking system go belly up would go well beyond ability to lend and run straight into a massive liquidity crunch.

Opening up a Fed window for credit unions to engage in short term secured lending to small businesses whose employees are qualified to join the credit union would be an interesting experiment. But given the governance of the Fed (see above somewhere), unlikely to happen unless it is to fend off an action that commercial banks would like even less.


I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.

by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 05:48:55 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Given what is happening to international letters of credit, how long before banks stop honouring cheques drawn in other banks, or charging exorbitant fees for ATM withdrawals by clients of other banks?
The national clearing systems might conceivably break down.

A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith
by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 05:55:26 PM EST
[ Parent ]
And so could networks like VISA or MasterCard.

A vivid image of what should exist acts as a surrogate for reality. Pursuit of the image then prevents pursuit of the reality -- John K. Galbraith
by Carrie (migeru at eurotrib dot com) on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 06:03:49 PM EST
[ Parent ]
Local inter-bank clearing could break down, but no way that a bank is not going to accept a cheque and try to clear it through the FRB ... the bank accepting the cheque receives Reserves, and no way a bank is going to turn down Reserves under current conditions.

What they would do is to stretch out recognition of the deposit as long as legally allowed ... allowing a depositor to draw against a cheque before the regional Federal Reserve Bank has cleared it is an exercise of trust, and that could well go by the boards. But definitely they will accept a cheque and, if the Reserves show up, enter is down as a valid deposit.

On exorbitant fees at ATM's for withdrawals on another bank, I reckon they already have that ... a $20 withdrawal can easily cost $4.50.


I've been accused of being a Marxist, yet while Harpo's my favourite, it's Groucho I'm always quoting. Odd, that.

by BruceMcF (agila61 at netscape dot net) on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 07:02:17 PM EST
[ Parent ]
How national or private clearing systems are? How are they regulated or established?
by das monde on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 08:50:23 PM EST
[ Parent ]
It all goes back to that Lehman bankruptcy. Among the more serious casualties of that colossal failure of leadership was the letter of credit business.... After Lehman, [clerks and their computers] stopped trusting the clerks and computers at other banks. Treasury secretary Hank Paulson's ignorant and clumsy attempt to avoid moral hazard and systemic risk resulted in uncounted quantities of goods piling up on loading docks, and customers living off inventories and consuming less.... The government and banking leaders might think that those clerks and computers will have been reassured by the business cable channels telling them that things will be fine. Well, it hasn't happened yet.

Some critical institutions were caught in the middle of this. Wachovia [did] a lot of letters of credit for the Latin American trade. Royal Bank of Scotland has huge exposure to shipping...

The [Baltic Dry Index] will not recover to its bubble highs, of course, and a lot of marginal ships will need to be scrapped over the next few years... [As] for freight rates, they will have to recover to the point where the owners can cover their operating costs...

by das monde on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 11:23:30 PM EST
[ Parent ]
I hate to use the word "fascism" since it is associated with a police state and the brown shirts, but Mussolini's vision of an integrated business and government system, combined with the active suppression of labor is what we are tending to.

What do you mean "tending to"?  That's the Great American MO.

by rifek on Tue Oct 28th, 2008 at 01:41:01 PM EST


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